電(dian)弧光保護在中(zhong)低(di)壓開關(guan)柜和母線保護中(zhong)的使用

   近幾年來, 跟(gen)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)力工(gong)業的(de)(de)快速發(fa)展, 35kV 中(zhong)低壓開關柜的(de)(de)使用數量越來越多, 因為開關柜弧光(guang)短路毛病引(yin)發(fa)的(de)(de)中(zhong)低壓母(mu)線毛病時有發(fa)作(zuo), 而且也發(fa)作(zuo)過主變壓器因為遭受外(wai)部(bu)短路電(dian)(dian)流沖擊(ji)損(sun)壞的(de)(de) 事故, 經(jing)濟損(sun)失嚴重; 另一(yi)方面, 用戶(hu)對供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)可靠性要求也越來越高: 因而, 全國電(dian)(dian)業局在35 kV開關柜裝設了(le)專用快速母(mu)線維護(hu)(hu)———電(dian)(dian)弧光(guang)保護(hu)(hu)。

   1 裝(zhuang)設(she)電(dian)弧(hu)光維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)性 1.1 開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)(ju)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)燃弧(hu)耐受(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) 當開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)(ju)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)弧(hu)光短(duan)路(lu)毛(mao)病(bing)(bing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi), IEC298 規(gui)(gui)范(fan)附錄AA 中(zhong)規(gui)(gui)則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)燃弧(hu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)100 ms, 也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo),開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)(ju)能夠承受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)弧(hu)焚燒時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke), 即(ji)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)作(zuo)和斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)切(qie)除(chu)毛(mao)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)之和應小于(yu)100 ms 才干(gan)到(dao)(dao)達保(bao) 護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)該開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。現在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)(shang)銷售的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)(ju)基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)依照(zhao)IEC298 規(gui)(gui)范(fan)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de), 也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo), 開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)(ju)能夠承受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)弧(hu)焚燒時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)100 ms。表1 為(wei)國外對各種(zhong)燃弧(hu)持續時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)下進行試(shi)驗得出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對設(she)備(bei)形成(cheng) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害(hai)程度。 1.2 變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)動(dong)安(an)(an)穩時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)及中(zhong)低壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 國標規(gui)(gui)則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)110 kV 及以(yi)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱安(an)(an)穩允許時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)2 s, 動(dong)安(an)(an)穩時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)0.25 s。但實踐(jian)上(shang)(shang), 在(zai)低壓(ya)(ya)側出口短(duan)路(lu)毛(mao)病(bing)(bing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)流后(hou)備(bei)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)切(qie)除(chu)動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)往往在(zai)2 s 以(yi)上(shang)(shang), 距變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)安(an)(an)穩時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) 要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)0.25 s 相差(cha)甚遠, 這(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)形成(cheng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)損壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)。 1.3 現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)低壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)法(fa)及存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題 1.3.1 變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)后(hou)備(bei)過(guo)流維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu) 這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)現在(zai)國內(nei)(nei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用最廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)低壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)法(fa)( 烏海(hai)電(dian)業局也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)法(fa)) 。因(yin)為(wei)考慮(lv)到(dao)(dao)與(yu)饋線(xian)(xian)(xian)和母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)分段開(kai)(kai)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配合(he), 維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)跳(tiao)閘時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)一般整定為(wei)1.0~1.4 s, 有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乃至(zhi)更長, 達2.0 s 以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。這(zhe)(zhe)一動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遠遠不(bu)(bu)能滿意(yi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)切(qie)除(chu)中(zhong)低壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)毛(mao)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。 1.3.2 饋線(xian)(xian)(xian)過(guo)流維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)閉鎖變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)過(guo)流維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu) 近年(nian)來使(shi)(shi)(shi)用饋線(xian)(xian)(xian)過(guo)流元件閉鎖變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)過(guo)流維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用較為(wei)廣泛, 與(yu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)后(hou)備(bei)過(guo)流維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)法(fa)比較其(qi)動(dong)作(zuo)速(su)度有(you)了必定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步(bu), 典型(xing)動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)300~400 ms。但關于(yu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)100 ms 以(yi)內(nei)(nei)切(qie)除(chu)毛(mao)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de), 顯(xian)(xian)然 不(bu)(bu)能滿意(yi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。 1.3.3 選(xuan)用環流原(yuan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)阻抗(kang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu) 這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)法(fa)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)35~60ms。考慮(lv)到(dao)(dao)斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分閘時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke), 這(zhe)(zhe)一動(dong)作(zuo)速(su)度對要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)100 ms 以(yi)內(nei)(nei)切(qie)除(chu)毛(mao)病(bing)(bing)來說(shuo)也(ye)慢。而且這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)復雜, 對TA 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)高(gao), 安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)有(you)很多(duo)出 線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6~35 kV 母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)非常困(kun)難(nan), 也(ye)不(bu)(bu)經(jing)濟。此外, 因(yin)為(wei)其(qi)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)TA 安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)位置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制, 不(bu)(bu)能維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)到(dao)(dao)發作(zuo)毛(mao)病(bing)(bing)幾率(lv)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)纜室電(dian)纜接(jie)頭處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)病(bing)(bing)。因(yin)而并(bing)不(bu)(bu)合(he)適使(shi)(shi)(shi)用于(yu)中(zhong)低壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。從實踐(jian) 使(shi)(shi)(shi)用狀況(kuang)來看, 現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)法(fa)顯(xian)(xian)然不(bu)(bu)能滿意(yi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)切(qie)除(chu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)毛(mao)病(bing)(bing)或維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)覆蓋規(gui)(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),因(yin)而, 在(zai)中(zhong)低壓(ya)(ya)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)(ju)裝(zhuang)設(she)一種(zhong)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de), 也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)迫切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

  2 LKEAP 新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光母線維(wei)護 體系 2.1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光維(wei)護原理 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光維(wei)護原理很簡單, 主(zhu)要動(dong)作(zuo)根據為(wei)(wei)毛病(bing)產生的兩個不(bu)同因素: 弧(hu)(hu)光及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增量。當一起檢測(ce)到弧(hu)(hu)光和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增量時(shi)宣(xuan)布跳閘(zha)(zha)命(ming)令。也就是說, 當體系發作(zuo)毛病(bing)時(shi), 弧(hu)(hu)光傳(chuan)感器將弧(hu)(hu)光信號(hao)(hao)轉化為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 信號(hao)(hao), 經過I/O 輔佐單元(yuan)傳(chuan)給主(zhu)單元(yuan), 主(zhu)單元(yuan)再經過檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流信號(hao)(hao)而且到達發動(dong)值, 即宣(xuan)布跳閘(zha)(zha)信號(hao)(hao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光維(wei)護能快(kuai)速切(qie)除(chu)中低壓(ya)母線毛病(bing), 確保輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的安全(quan)運(yun)轉。現在, 烏海電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)局五(wu)福變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 站(zhan)(zhan)、寶山變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)35 kV 母線已安裝(zhuang)了(le)LKEAP 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)光維(wei)護, 運(yun)轉作(zuo)用杰出, 并可作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)參考(kao), 廣泛地使用在其他中低壓(ya)母線上, 發揮其應有的作(zuo)用。